A definition not about water per se, but rather one having to do with major jolts, or minor glitches, in what seem to be ordinary states of affairs. The alternate, and possibly just as important definition for a watershed, is “an event or period marking a turning point in a situation in a course of action or state of affairs” (Oxford Dictionary). But for designers, what skill-sets can we contribute to better enable a watershed's integration within the realities of the built environment, many of which do not obey the logic of hydrological boundaries? And by extension, how can a better appreciation for watersheds make us better designers? These realities include the need for designers to engage contested issues such as architecture, infrastructure, landscape, urbanism, regimes of control, societies, and climatic and/or geo-political influences, all of which may reside within or outside of a watershed. Susskind, in Water Diplomacy: A Negotiated Approach to Managing Complex Water Networks, interpret as the coupling of the natural and societal domains. In other words, what Shafiqul Islam and Lawrence E. Powell emphasizes a watershed's potential to prioritize a community's interaction - and I would add manipulation - within the hydrological boundary of a certain scaled watershed. “that area of land, a bounded hydrological system, within which all living things are inextricably linked by their common water course and where, as humans settled, simple logic demanded that they became part of a community” (Powell 1875). The scientist geographer John Wesley Powell contextualized watersheds further, with his ubiquitously referenced view: An appreciable amount of precipitation, which is generally lost as surface flow, can be harvested and stored for useful purposes like drinking and providing supplemental irrigation to the crops.Questions why a watershed's principle definition is "an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas" (Oxford Dictionary). Rainwater harvesting means collection and storage of rainwater by some mechanism to make water available for future use. (j) Providing vegetative and stone barriers (i) Establishment of permanent grass and vegetation (ii) Engineering measures/Structural practices: (i) Vegetative measures/Agronomical measures: Objectives: To arrest the problems of environmental degradation and promote sustainable increase in agriculture production and to enhance vegetative technology of soil and water conservation for rain water conservation and for increasing crop, forage, fuel wood and timber yield of the area.
(v) World Bank Assisted Integrated Watershed Development Project : Objectives: Restoring ecological balance in hilly areas and improving socioeconomic conditions. To increase the productivity of crops and to increase the fuel, fodder and fruit resources through appropriate alternate land use system. Objectives: To conserve and utilize rain water from both arable and non arable lands on watershed basis. (iii) National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Agriculture (NWDPRA) :
Objectives: Mitigate the effect of drought in the desert area and restore ecological balance. (ii) Desert Development Programme (DDP) : Objectives: Area development programme through restoration of ecological balance and optimum utilization of land, water, livestock and human resources to mitigate the effect of drought.
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